imported>Dotruonggiahy12 vào lúc 16:57, ngày 15 tháng 2 năm 2026

2026-02-15T16:57:02Z

Trang mới

{{Infobox settlement|name=Thessaloniki|native_name={{lang|el|Θεσσαλονίκη}}|other_name=Saloniki
|image_skyline={{multiple image
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| total_width = 290
| align = center
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Thessaloniki White Tower from Nikis.jpg
| caption1 = Cảnh quan [[#Parks and recreation|bờ biển Thessaloniki]] và [[Vịnh Thermaic]]
| image2 = Tower of Thessaloniki - panoramio.jpg
| caption2 = [[Tháp Trắng Thessaloniki]]
| image3 = Thessaloniki Heptapyrgion northeastern wall from the inner yard.jpg
| caption3 = [[Heptapyrgion]]
| image4 = Galerius Arch (Thessaloniki) (cropped).jpg
| caption4 = [[Arch of Galerius]]
| image5 = Базилика Святого Димитрия - panoramio.jpg
| caption5 = [[Hagios Demetrios|Nhà thờ Thánh Demetrius]]
| image6 = Θεσσαλονίκη 2014 (The Statue of Alexander the Great) - panoramio (2).jpg
| caption6 = Tượng [[Alexander Đại đế]]
| image8 = Aristotelous Plateia 2006 (cropped).jpg
| caption8 = [[Quảng trường Aristotelous]]
}}|settlement_type=[[List of cities in Greece|Thành phố]]|nickname=[[Nymph]] của [[Vịnh Thermaic]]<ref>{{cite book |first1=Esther |last1=Soloman |first2=Styliana |last2=Galiniki |chapter=13: Las Incantadas of Salonika: searching for 'enchantment' in a city's exiled heritage |title=Hellenomania |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2018}}</ref>|image_flag=Flag of Thessaloniki.svg|flag_link=List of Greek flags#Regional and municipal flags|image_seal=Thessaloniki seal.svg|image_blank_emblem=City of Thessaloniki logo.svg|blank_emblem_type=Logo|blank_emblem_size=200|blank_emblem_alt=Logo of the City of Thessaloniki|image_map=2011 Dimos Thessalonikis.png|map_caption=Vị trí của [[Thessaloniki (municipality)|Khu qự quản Thessaloniki]] tại Trung Macedonia|pushpin_map=Greece#Europe|pushpin_relief=yes|coordinates={{Coord|region:GR-54_type:city|format=dms|display=it}}|subdivision_type=Quốc gia|subdivision_name={{flag|Hy Lạp}}|subdivision_type1=[[Vùng địa lý của Hy Lạp|Vùng địa lý]]|subdivision_name1=[[Makedonía]]|subdivision_type2=[[Vùng hành chính của Hy Lạp|Vùng hành chính]]|subdivision_name2=[[Trung Macedonia]]|subdivision_type3=[[Đơn vị khu vực của Hy Lạp|Đơn vị khu vực]]|subdivision_name3=[[Thessaloniki (regional unit)|Thessaloniki]]|government_type=[[Chính quyền thị trưởng-hội đồng]]|leader_party={{nowrap|[[PASOK – Movement for Change|PASOK]]}}|leader_title=[[Danh sách thị trưởng Thessaloniki|Thị trưởng]]|leader_name=[[Stelios Angeloudis]]<ref name=mayor>[https://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/d/home/en/municipalities/9031/ Municipality of Thessaloniki, Municipal elections – October 2023] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508120902/https://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/d/home/en/municipalities/9031/ |date=8 May 2024 }}, Ministry of Interior</ref>|parts_type=[[Khu tự quản của Hy Lạp|Khu tự quản]]|parts_style=para|p1=7|established_title=Thành lập|established_date=315 TCN ({{age|-315|1|1}} năm trước)|established_title2=Hợp nhất|established_date2={{Nowrap|Tháng 10 năm 1912 ({{age|1912|10|26}} năm trước)}}|population_as_of=2021|population_footnotes=<ref name="2021census"/>|area_total_km2=19.307|population_total=319045|population_density_km2=auto|total_type=[[Thessaloniki (municipality)|Municipality]]|population_rank=Đô thị thứ [[List of cities in Greece|2]], vùng đô thị thứ 2 tại Hy Lạp|population_urban=802572|area_urban_km2=111.703|population_density_urban_km2=auto|population_metro=1006112|population_density_metro_km2=|population_metro_footnotes=<ref name="urban metro" />|population_urban_footnotes=<ref name="urban metro" /><ref name="auto1"/>|area_metro_km2=1,285.61|population_demonym=[[wikt:Thessalonian|Thessalonian]], [[wikt:Thessalonican|Thessalonican]]|demographics_type2=GDP|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name=ec.europa.eu>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en|title=Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions|website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref>|demographics2_title1=Vùng đô thị|demographics2_info1=16 tỷ euro (2021)|timezone1=[[Giờ Đông Âu|EET]]|utc_offset1=+2|timezone1_DST=[[Giờ mùa hè Đông Âu|EEST]]|utc_offset1_DST=+3|elevation_min_m=0|elevation_max_m=250|postal_code_type=[[Postal codes in Greece|Mã bưu chính]]|postal_code=53xxx, 54xxx, 55xxx, 56xxx|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in Greece|Mã vùng]]|area_code=2310|registration_plate=[[Vehicle registration plates of Greece|NA đến NX]]|blank_name_sec1=[[Thánh quan thầy]]|blank_info_sec1=[[Thánh Demetrius]] {{nowrap|(26 tháng 10)}}|website=[https://www.thessaloniki.gr/ www.thessaloniki.gr]|official_name=}}

'''Thessaloniki''' ({{langx|el|Θεσσαλονίκη}}), '''Thessalonica''', hay '''Salonica''' là thành phố lớn thứ hai ở [[Hy Lạp]] và là thủ phủ của vùng [[Macedonia (Hy Lạp)|Macedonia]]. Tên trang trọng của nó là Συμпρωτεύουσα (''Symprotévousa''), gợi nhớ tới thời kỳ lịch sử khi nó là thành phố Συμβασιλεύουσα (''Symvasilévousa'') của [[Đế quốc Đông La Mã|Đế quốc Byzantine]]. Theo thống kê dân số năm 2001,thành phố tự trị Thessaloniki có dân số 363,987, vùng đô thị là 800,764 và khu vực đô thị bao trùm (LUZ) của Thessaloniki có khoảng 995,766 dân cư sinh sống (2004).<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://www.urbanaudit.org/DataAccessed.aspx |title=Urban Audit - Data that can be accessed |publisher=Urbanaudit.org |date= |access-date=ngày 5 tháng 1 năm 2009 |archive-date=2011-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406130058/http://www.urbanaudit.org/DataAccessed.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Lịch sử ==

== Địa lý ==

=== Khí hậu ===
<div style="width:80%;">
{{Weather box
|location = Thessaloniki (1961–1990)
|single line = y
|metric first = y
|Jan record high C = 20.8
|Feb record high C = 22.0
|Mar record high C = 25.8
|Apr record high C = 31.2
|May record high C = 36.0
|Jun record high C = 39.8
|Jul record high C = 42.0
|Aug record high C = 38.2
|Sep record high C = 36.2
|Oct record high C = 30.0
|Nov record high C = 26.6
|Dec record high C = 20.6
|year record high C = 42.0
|Jan high C = 9.1
|Feb high C = 11.0
|Mar high C = 14.2
|Apr high C = 19.2
|May high C = 24.5
|Jun high C = 29.1
|Jul high C = 31.4
|Aug high C = 30.9
|Sep high C = 27.3
|Oct high C = 21.2
|Nov high C = 15.4
|Dec high C = 10.9
|year high C = 20.3
|Jan mean C = 5.0
|Feb mean C = 6.7
|Mar mean C = 9.6
|Apr mean C = 14.2
|May mean C = 19.5
|Jun mean C = 24.2
|Jul mean C = 26.5
|Aug mean C = 25.8
|Sep mean C = 21.8
|Oct mean C = 16.1
|Nov mean C = 10.9
|Dec mean C = 6.7
|year mean C = 15.6
|Jan low C = 1.2
|Feb low C = 2.3
|Mar low C = 4.4
|Apr low C = 7.3
|May low C = 11.8
|Jun low C = 16.0
|Jul low C = 18.4
|Aug low C = 18.1
|Sep low C = 14.9
|Oct low C = 10.6
|Nov low C = 6.6
|Dec low C = 2.7
|year low C = 9.5
|Jan record low C = -14.0
|Feb record low C = -12.8
|Mar record low C = -7.2
|Apr record low C = -1.2
|May record low C = 3.0
|Jun record low C = 6.8
|Jul record low C = 9.6
|Aug record low C = 8.2
|Sep record low C = 2.6
|Oct record low C = -1.4
|Nov record low C = -6.2
|Dec record low C = -9.2
|year record low C = -14.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 36.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 40.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 45.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 36.1
|May precipitation mm = 44.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 31.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 25.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 20.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 26.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 40.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 57.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 52.9
|year precipitation mm = 458.4
|Jan humidity = 76.3
|Feb humidity = 73.6
|Mar humidity = 73.0
|Apr humidity = 68.5
|May humidity = 64.1
|Jun humidity = 56.1
|Jul humidity = 53.4
|Aug humidity = 55.7
|Sep humidity = 62.2
|Oct humidity = 70.1
|Nov humidity = 77.3
|Dec humidity = 78.0
|year humidity = 67.4
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 6.3
|Feb precipitation days = 5.7
|Mar precipitation days = 6.6
|Apr precipitation days = 5.4
|May precipitation days = 5.7
|Jun precipitation days = 4.3
|Jul precipitation days = 3.2
|Aug precipitation days = 2.5
|Sep precipitation days = 2.9
|Oct precipitation days = 4.9
|Nov precipitation days = 6.6
|Dec precipitation days = 7.2
|year precipitation days = 61.3
|Jan sun = 98.7
|Feb sun = 102.6
|Mar sun = 147.2
|Apr sun = 202.6
|May sun = 252.7
|Jun sun = 296.4
|Jul sun = 325.7
|Aug sun = 295.8
|Sep sun = 229.9
|Oct sun = 165.5
|Nov sun = 117.8
|Dec sun = 102.6
|year sun = 2337.5
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name= NOAA>{{chú thích web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/GR/16622.TXT
| title = Thessaloniki/Mikta Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = ngày 1 tháng 3 năm 2014}}</ref>
|date=March 2015}}
</div>

== Nhân khẩu ==
{{Historical populations|100|200000|1348|150000|1453|40000|1679|36000|1842|70000|1870|90000|1882|85000|1890|118000|1902|126000|1913|157000|1917|230000|1951|297164|1961|377026
|1981|406413|||2001|954027|2011|1030338|2021|1091424|title=Population|type=none|align=right|width=320px|state=collapsed|shading=on|percentages=off|footnote=From 2001 on, data on the city's metropolitan area.<br />References:<ref name="The Balkans"/><ref name=Gerolympos/><ref name="2011census"/><ref name="Sieur de la Croix population">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p6vdPgAACAAJ&q=%CE%97+%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD |title=Personal Journals |author=Sieur de la Croix |year=1679 |publisher=Εταιρία Μακεδονικών Σπουδών |language=el |access-date=2 August 2011 |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315031539/https://books.google.com/books?id=p6vdPgAACAAJ&q=%CE%97+%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Molho">Molho, Rena. [http://www.jmth.gr/web/thejews/pages/pages/history/pages/his.htm The Jerusalem of the Balkans: Salonica 1856–1919] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226001725/http://www.jmth.gr/web/thejews/pages/pages/history/pages/his.htm |date=26 December 2008 }} ''The Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki''. URL accessed 10 July 2006.</ref><ref name=pop/><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DP4UiA4gQNMC&q=population%2520of%2520thessalonica&pg=PA687 |title=Bible Knowledge Commentary |publisher=David C Cook |isbn=978-0-88207-812-0 |editor-last=Walvoord |editor-first=John. F. |date=1983 |language=en |editor-last2=Zuck |editor-first2=Roy B. |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315032045/https://books.google.com/books?id=DP4UiA4gQNMC&q=population%2520of%2520thessalonica&pg=PA687#v=onepage&q=population%2520of%2520thessalonica&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

== Văn hóa ==

=== Thể thao ===
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!Câu lạc bộ
!Thành lập
|-
|[[G.S. Iraklis Thessaloniki|Iraklis]]
|1908
|-
|[[Aris Thessaloniki|Aris]]
|1914
|-
|[[YMCA|Ch.A.N.Th.]]
|1921
|-
|[[V.A.O.]]
|1926
|-
|[[Apollon Kalamarias|Apollon]]
|1926
|-
|[[MENT BC|M.E.N.T.]]
|1926
|-
|[[PAOK|P.A.O.K.]]
|1926
|-
|[[Apollon Kalamarias F.C.|Apollon]]
|1926
|-
|[[Makedonikos F.C.|Makedonikos]]
|1928
|-
|[[Agrotikos Asteras]]
|1932
|}

==Tham khảo==
{{Tham khảo}}

== Thư mục ==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
*Apostolos Papagiannopoulos,''Monuments of Thessaloniki'', Rekos Ltd, date unknown.
*Apostolos P. Vacalopoulos, ''A History of Thessaloniki'', Institute for Balkan Studies,1972.
* John R. Melville-Jones, 'Venice and Thessalonica 1423-1430 Vol I, The Venetian Accounts, Vol. II, the Greek Accounts, Unipress, Padova, 2002 and 2006 (the latter work contains English translations of accounts of the events of this period by St [[Symeon of Thessaloniki]] và [[John Anagnostes]]).
*''Thessaloniki: Tourist guide and street map'', A. Kessopoulos, MalliareÌ„s-Paideia, 1988.
*[[Mark Mazower]], ''Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430-1950'', 2004, ISBN 0-375-41298-0.
*''Thessaloniki City Guide'', Axon Publications, 2002.
* Eugenia Russell, ''St Demetrius of Thessalonica; Cult and Devotion in the Middle Ages'', Peter Lang, Oxford, 2010. ISBN 978-3-0343-0181-7
*James C. Skedros, ''Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki: Civic Patron and Divine Protector, 4th-7Th Centuries'' (Harvard Theological Studies), Trinity Press International (1999).
*Vilma Hastaoglou-Martinidis (ed.), ''Restructuring the City: International Urban Design Competitions for Thessaloniki'', Andreas Papadakis, 1999.
* Matthieu Ghilardi, Dynamiques spatiales et reconstitutions paléogéographiques de la plaine de Thessalonique (Grèce) à l'Holocène récent, 2007. Thèse de Doctorat de l'Université de Paris 12 Val-de-Marne, 475 p.
</div>

==Liên kết ngoài==
===Chính phủ===
*[http://www.thessalonikicity.gr Municipality of Thessaloniki]
*[http://www.thpa.gr/ Thessaloniki Port Authority]
*[http://www.oasth.gr ΟΑΣΘ - Organisation of Urban Transport of Thessaloniki] (Greek & English)
*[http://www.minpress.gr/minpress/en/index/currevents/currevents-publications.htm Thessaloniki - Photo Archive Documents 1900-1980] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616180952/http://www.minpress.gr/minpress/en/index/currevents/currevents-publications.htm |date=2008-06-16 }}

===Văn hóa===
*[http://www.tch.gr/ Thessaloniki Concert Hall Organisation]
*[http://www.filmfestival.gr/ Thessaloniki Film Festival]
*[http://lahana.org/blog/Thessaloniki%20postcard.htm Thessaloniki - Old postcards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927073224/http://lahana.org/blog/Thessaloniki%20postcard.htm |date=2007-09-27 }}
*[http://www.saloniki.org/ Thessaloniki Info & Links]
*[http://thessaloniki360.com/ Thessaloniki360 Virtual City Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724060217/http://thessaloniki360.com/ |date=2012-07-24 }}
*[http://tsimiski.gr/ Thessaloniki Tsimiski.gr street] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910051528/http://tsimiski.gr/ |date=2010-09-10 }}

{{World Heritage Sites in Greece}}
{{Thủ đô Văn hóa châu Âu}}



[[Thể loại:Thessaloniki| ]]
[[Thể loại:Thành phố của Hy Lạp]]
[[Thể loại:Di sản thế giới tại Hy Lạp]]
[[Thể loại:Du lịch Hy Lạp]]

Thessaloniki - Lịch sử thay đổi

imported>Dotruonggiahy12 vào lúc 16:57, ngày 15 tháng 2 năm 2026